Ovarian Cysts

What are ovarian cysts?

An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled or tissue-containing sac that develops in or on an ovary.

Many cysts form naturally during ovulation and disappear within one or more menstrual cycles. Other cysts may be associated with endometriosis, pregnancy, or abnormal tissue growth.

Most ovarian cysts are noncancerous. Your provider considers your age, symptoms, medical history, and the cyst’s ultrasound appearance when determining whether additional evaluation is needed.

What symptoms can ovarian cysts cause?

Many ovarian cysts cause no symptoms. When symptoms occur, they may include:

• Pelvic pain or pressure
• Abdominal bloating or fullness
• Pain during sexual intercourse
• Changes in menstrual bleeding
• Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder
• Pressure during bowel movements

Larger cysts may be more likely to cause pain or pressure, although cyst size does not always predict symptoms.

How are ovarian cysts diagnosed?

Ovarian cysts are often identified during a pelvic ultrasound or an examination performed for another concern.

Your evaluation may include:

• A review of your symptoms and medical history
• A pelvic examination
• A pregnancy test
• Pelvic or transvaginal ultrasound
• Selected blood tests when appropriate

Most patients do not require every test. Your provider recommends further evaluation based on the cyst’s size, appearance, symptoms, and whether you have reached menopause.

How are ovarian cysts treated?

Treatment may include:

• Observation and repeat ultrasound
• Medication to manage discomfort
• Hormonal contraception to reduce the formation of certain new cysts
• Surgery to remove the cyst when appropriate

Surgery may be recommended if a cyst is large, persistent, painful, growing, complex in appearance, or concerning for cancer. When possible, your surgeon may remove the cyst while preserving the ovary.

Schedule an ovarian cyst evaluation

Most ovarian cysts are harmless, but new or persistent symptoms should be evaluated.

Call Bayard Street Obstetrics & Gynecology or request an appointment online to schedule an ovarian cyst consultation.