PCOS

What is PCOS?

PCOS can affect ovulation and increase androgen hormone levels. Common symptoms include:

• Irregular, infrequent, or absent periods
• Difficulty becoming pregnant
• Acne
• Excess facial or body hair
• Thinning scalp hair
• Weight or metabolic concerns
• Darkened or thickened areas of skin

Despite its name, PCOS does not always cause ovarian cysts. The small follicles sometimes seen on ultrasound are not the same as typical ovarian cysts, and an ultrasound is not always needed for diagnosis.

How is PCOS diagnosed?

There is no single test for PCOS. Your provider reviews your menstrual history, symptoms, medications, and medical history and may perform a physical examination.

Testing may include:

• Hormone testing
• Blood sugar and cholesterol screening
• Pregnancy or thyroid testing
• Pelvic ultrasound when appropriate

Your provider will also consider other conditions that can cause similar symptoms before confirming the diagnosis.

Why is PCOS treatment important?

Infrequent periods can allow the uterine lining to become too thick, increasing the risk of endometrial hyperplasia and, over time, endometrial cancer.

PCOS may also be associated with:

• Prediabetes or type 2 diabetes
• High cholesterol or blood pressure
• Sleep apnea
• Anxiety, depression, or eating disorders
• Difficulty becoming pregnant
• Increased pregnancy risks

Your provider may recommend periodic screening based on your symptoms and individual risk factors.

How is PCOS treated?

Treatment is personalized according to your symptoms and pregnancy goals. Options may include:

• Lifestyle and nutrition support
• Combined hormonal birth control to regulate periods and improve acne or excess hair growth
• Progestin medication to protect the uterine lining
• Metformin for selected patients with metabolic concerns
• Medication for acne or unwanted hair growth
• Fertility treatment when pregnancy is desired

If irregular ovulation is making pregnancy difficult, medications such as letrozole may be used to stimulate ovulation. Your provider may begin an evaluation or coordinate care with a fertility specialist when appropriate.

Schedule a PCOS evaluation

PCOS is a long-term condition, but individualized treatment can improve symptoms, protect your health, and support your reproductive goals.

Call Bayard Street Obstetrics & Gynecology or request an appointment online to schedule a PCOS consultation.